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Quick Answer
The Ryzen 5 5600 and i5-12400F are within 2% of each other in gaming. The i5-12400F typically costs $10-20 less. The Ryzen 5 5600 can be upgraded to a 5800X3D on AM4. Choose based on which platform offers cheaper motherboards in your region.
AM4: Can upgrade to 5800X3D (the best gaming CPU on the platform), then the platform is dead-end.
LGA 1700: Can upgrade to 13400F, 13600K, or 14600K. More options but none with V-Cache gaming advantage.
The Ryzen 5 5600 uses 65W TDP with gaming power around 55-65W. The i5-12400F also claims 65W TDP but can draw 80-90W under gaming load. The Ryzen is slightly more efficient.
Our Verdict
These CPUs are so close that the decision comes down to regional pricing and motherboard availability. Both deliver excellent budget gaming performance. The 5600 has the 5800X3D upgrade path, the 12400F has broader Intel upgrade options.